The Universe
The universe or in Latin: universus has all the space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other types of matter and energy. If the spatial size of the entire universe is unknown, it is possible to measure the size of the observable universe, which is estimated to be approximately 93 billion light-years in diameter. In various multiple hypotheses, a universe is one of the unrelated component parts of a larger multi-section, which itself consists of all space and time and its contents; consequently, the 'universe' and 'multiple' are synonymous with such theories. The earliest cosmic models of the universe were developed by ancient Greek and Indian philosophers, and were geographically inclined to the center of Earth.
Over the centuries, more accurate astronomical observations led the Nicolas Copernicus to develop a heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of the solar system. On the development of law of universal gravitation, Isaac Newton coopernicus' In addition to work, Johannes Kepler's observations of planetary motion and observations made the rules of observation by Tycho Brahe. Supervision improved that the Sun is one of millions of stars in the galaxy, which is one of the least millions of galaxies in the universe. There are many stars in our galaxy. The largest quantity is that galaxies are distributed equally and uniformly in all directions, that is, the universe has neither any edge nor a center. In small scales, the galaxies are distributed in clusters and super-clusters that create immense filaments and voids in space, creating a giant foam-like structure. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, discoveries have suggested that the universe had begun and that space has been expanding since then and is currently being expanded to a growing rate.
The Big Bang theory is the present cosmic description of the evolution of the universe. According to the theory of this theory, space and time together stood at 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago, and as the universe expanded, energy and mass start to become less dense. After an initial rapid expansion of about 10 − 32 seconds, and the separation of four known fundamental powers, the universe continues to cool and expand, respectively, allowing the first subatomic particle and ordinary atoms to form. Dark matter gradually accumulated, forming a foam-like structure of filaments and vacuoles on the influence of gravity. The large clouds of hydrogen and helium were gradually dragged to places where the dark matter was the most dense, the first galaxies, stars, and everything visible today. Now it is possible to see objects far away from 13.799 billion light-years because the space itself has expanded, and it is still expanding today. This means that up to 46.5 billion light-year objects can still be seen in their distant past, because, at the next time, when their light emerges, they were very close to Earth. From studying the movement of galaxies, it is discovered that the apparent objects in the universe contain more objects than accounted for; stars, galaxies, nebula and interstellar gas. This invisible matter is known as dark matter (dark means it is a broad range of strong indirect evidence that exists), but we have not yet discovered it directly. CDMA model is the most widely accepted model of our universe. This suggests that the mass of mass and energy in the universe is about 69.2 % ± 1.2 % [2015] a cosmic constant (or, CDMA in Extension, other forms of dark energy, such as a scalar region) that is responsible for the current expansion of space, and approximately 25.8 % ± 1.1 % [2015] dark matter. The ordinary ('baryonic ') substance therefore only 4.84 % ± 0.1 % [2015] is the physical universe. Stars, planets, and visible gas clouds form only about 6 % of ordinary matter, or about 0.29 % of the entire universe. There are many competing hypotheses about and about the last part of the universe, if anything, before the Big Bang, while other physicists and philosophers refused to guess, while information about the former states would never be accessible. Some physicists have suggested different multiple hypotheses, in which our universe may be one of many Unites that is similar to that too.
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